We will talk about a general introduction about the Linux operating system and will also address the initial information about Ubuntu.
Date of Linux (Linux) system
In 1970 he emerged into the light system called Unix was an open-source (ie retractable read and modify Ocuadh software), making it attracts a lot of companies, institutions and universities, and in 1983 the company called AT & T (which is the royal for Unix) to restrict the system and stop the code and prevent making them available to others, and that any institution you want a copy of Unix that require a license from the company to use; which raised and angered many people.
The most angry was someone named "Richard Stallman" (the founder of the free software movement, and the project GNU), causing him to begin writing the GNU project in 1984 immediately after just one year from the closing of code Unix, while in 1985 the foundations of Richard movement and the Free Software Foundation non-profit, to provide Support for the GNU Project and Free Software, and then joined the project of thousands of programmers and volunteers from various parts of the world.
After the completion of the development and writing many parts of the system and software GNU, was then it lacks one thing, but very important, and that is the kernel (Kernel), and in the meantime, precisely in 1991, the student called "Linus Torvalds" (developer of Linux) creates a nucleus of the system GNU has I called Linux and in this way the system has resulted as follows:
GNU tools + kernel (Linux) = integrated operating system (GNU / LINUX).
linuxlinus
What is Free Software? What is Open Source?
Free software: the movement founded by Richard Stallman for moral motives and focus freedoms of users more than other things, that the freedom of the person is above all else, then come other things, this means that these circumstances the software (or code) usable, study and modification and redistribution and copied to others absolutely free without any restrictions.
Open Source Software: is a movement caused several people, including Linus Torvalds developed Linux, the same free software almost, but the difference is that open source is focused more on the technical and strategic and Zariadh productivity motives and improve the development of the program design more than its interest in the moral motives that are characterized by Free software.
To be more realistic, there is no huge difference between free and open source, but are two sides of the same coin, but because there is a problem in the English language in the term Free Software, (The word Free may mean free may mean free, it may mean "free software" and probably means "freeware"), and for this reason it has been the invention of the term Open Source resolve this confusion.
What is Ubuntu?
- Ubuntu is the distribution of Linux distributions, (and there are a large number of diverse distributions (up to more than 300) that differ in the interface appearance and style handle and use, but they all share in the kernel and tools GNU, and examples of Linux distributions: LinuxMint, Debian, Fedora , OpenSuse, Redhat, CentOS, ElementaryOS, Slackware, Kali, Arch, etc ...).
- We chose Ubuntu distro because the most popular and widely used and easily and applications are available in abundance.
- Ubuntu designed by Canonical company owned by "Mark Shuttleworth," which was eager to establish a free open source system, and Ubuntu is why reputation for Linux in this way due to the ease and simplicity for novice users and the abundance of their own applications.
- The word Ubuntu is an African word (came from the Zulu language), humanitarian Manha toward others.
- The latest version of Ubuntu is 14:10, but we recommend using version 14.04 because it is more stable and powered until 2019, unlike the version 14.10 subsidized for only nine months, and in this session we will use 14.04, note that most versions do not differentiate much from each other, but the same vein trace often.
- Ubuntu used interface (desktop) named Unity environment, and there are a lot of different interfaces in the Linux system, such as KDE, GNOME, XFCE, MATE, LXDE, Cinnamon and others.
What types of Atawaiat?
- In Linux we have two types of distributions:
A source distributions: Distributions or zero, which has been built from scratch, such as Debian, Arch, Slackware, OpenSuse, etc ...
Distributions are based: the distributions that have been built over the other distributions (or with the help of other distributed), such as distribution Ubuntu is based on Debian (was Ubuntu has introduced a huge number of amendments to Debian to make it better and easier for users), and another example: distribution LinuxMint a distribution based on the Ubuntu and purpose of facilitating the Ubuntu more and add some tools and add-ons; the vast majority of Linux distributions based and not a source (because it does not need to reinvent the wheel as long as there are systems that can adopt and improve above).
* See the following picture, which shows a tree fork Linux distributions:
